《诗经》風雅頌·詩三百 孔子編訂
皙言曦语《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，收录了西周初年至春秋中叶约五百年间的305篇诗歌，古称“诗三百”。其内容分为风、雅、颂三部分，“风”是各地民歌，“雅”为宫廷乐歌，“颂”多是宗庙祭祀乐章，语言质朴优美，不仅是周代社会生活的生动写照，更奠定了中国古典文学现实主义的基础，对后世文学影响深远。
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 305 | Founded | 2 months ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Number of Listeners | Categories | BooksPhilosophyArtsSociety & Culture |
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【简析】《云汉》是一首杂言古诗。全诗八章，每章十句，通过详尽的叙写，具体深入地反映了西周末期那场大旱的严重，抒写周宣王为旱灾难解而愁苦的心情。此诗兼叙事抒情于一体，在艺术上有两点值得称道：一是摹景生动，二是夸饰手法的运用，突出了旱情的严重，是反映真实、并且凸现真实的传神之笔。
【原文】倬彼云汉，昭回于天。王曰：於乎！何辜今之人？天降丧乱，饥馑荐臻。靡神不举，靡爱斯牲。圭璧既卒，宁莫我听？旱既大甚，蕴隆虫虫。不殄禋祀，自郊徂宫。上下奠瘗，靡神不宗。后稷不克，上帝不临。耗斁下土，宁丁我躬。旱既大甚，... more
【简析】《权舆》是一首杂言古诗，为一篇贤士发牢骚的小诗。诗中感叹今昔生活待遇的差别之大，讽刺君主忘却旧臣、对贤士有始无终，抑或是没落贵族叹息生活今不如昔。全诗二章，二章结构相同，在反复咏叹中作强烈的对比，在这嗟叹声中充满了失望和希望：对遭受冷遇的现实的失望和对康公恢复先王礼贤下士之风的希望。【原文】
於我乎，夏屋渠渠，今也每食无余。于嗟乎，不承权舆！
於我乎，每食四簋，今也每食不饱。于嗟乎，不承权舆！【译文】唉，我啊！从前的食器丰盛满满，如今每次吃饭都没剩余。可叹啊！再也比不上当初的光景了！
唉... more
【简析】《击鼓》是《诗经》中的一首诗。此诗描写征人被迫从军向南，调停陈、宋两国关系，长期不得归家而怀念家乡亲人之感。全诗从体现战争气氛的鼓声写起，渲染出一幅兵荒马乱的情景，表达了征人怨怼而又无奈的心情。全诗五章，每章四句，以往事与现实进行对比，在结构上形成顿宕，在叙事中又间以抒情，在情感上形成波澜，手法独到。击鼓其镗，踊跃用兵。土国城漕，我独南行。【原文】
从孙子仲，平陈与宋。不我以归，忧心有忡。
爰居爰处？爰丧其马？于以求之？于林之下。
死生契阔，与子成说。执子之手，与子偕老。
于嗟阔兮，不我... more
【简析】《殷武》是一首四言诗。全诗共六章，第一章言武丁伐楚之功；第二章写武丁对荆楚的训诫；第三章写四方诸侯来朝；第四章进一步申述武丁是受“天命”的中兴之主，人民百姓只能安分守己，按商朝的政令行动；第五章，写商朝的国都西亳地处中心地带的盛况；末章写高宗寝庙落成的情景。此诗中各章都有描写的侧重点，诗的主旨是通过殷高宗武丁寝庙落成举行的祭典，极力颂扬殷高宗继承成汤的事业所建树的中兴业绩。【原文】
挞彼殷武，奋伐荆楚。深入其阻，裒荆之旅。有截其所，汤孙之绪。
维女荆楚，居国南乡。昔有成汤，自彼氐羌，莫敢... more
简析《长发》是一首杂言古诗。此诗记述了殷商发迹史，塑造了商王朝创造者成汤的形象，具有史诗的因素。全诗七章，在写法上以祭成汤为主，而又兼及追远尊先和表彰功臣之意，主次分明、重点突出、详略得当，内容凝炼集中、形式整齐匀称，有较强的节律感，当是中国后世诗词对仗的滥觞。原文
濬哲维商，长发其祥。洪水芒芒，禹敷下土方。外大国是疆，幅陨既长。有娀方将，帝立子生商。
玄王桓拨，受小国是达，受大国是达。率履不越，遂视既发。相土烈烈。海外有截。
帝命不违，至于汤齐。汤降不迟，圣敬日跻。昭假迟迟，上帝是祗，帝命式于... more
简析《玄鸟》是一首四言古诗。此诗成功地应用了对比、顶真、叠字等修辞手法，结构严谨，脉络清晰。其通篇写商的“受天命”治国，写得渊源古老，神性庄严，感情纯真，气势雄壮，令人不难想见当时的祭祀场面是何等的声势浩大、音调洪亮。
原文天命玄鸟，降而生商，宅殷土芒芒。古帝命武汤，正域彼四方。方命厥后，奄有九有。商之先后，受命不殆，在武丁孙子。武丁孙子，武王靡不胜。龙旂十乘，大糦是承。邦畿千里，维民所止，肇域彼四海。四海来假，来假祁祁。景员维河。殷受命咸宜，百禄是何。译文
天命玄鸟降人间，简狄生契商祖先，住在... more
简析《烈祖》是一首殷商后裔的宋国祭祀始祖成汤的四言诗。此诗开头四句先点明祭祀烈祖的原由；接下八句写主祭者献祷告，是为了“绥我眉寿，黄耇无疆”这种祭祀场面的铺叙；再后八句写助祭者所坐车马的奢豪华丽，以此衬托出主祭者身份的尊贵；末两句祝词，点明举行时祭的是“汤孙”。全诗典雅庄重，音调铿锵和谐，是一篇结构完整的祭祀诗文。原文嗟嗟烈祖！有秩斯祜。
申锡无疆，及尔斯所。
既载清酤，赉我思成。
亦有和羹，既戒既平。
鬷假无言，时靡有争。
绥我眉寿，黄耇无疆。
约軝错衡，八鸾鸧鸧。
以假以享，我受命溥将。
自... more
简析《商颂·那》同《商颂》中的其他几篇一样，都是殷商后代祭祀先祖的颂歌。《毛诗序》云：“《那》，祀成汤也。微子至于戴公，其间礼乐废坏，有正考甫者，得《商颂》十二篇于周之大师，以《那》为首。”相传西周后期宋国大夫正考甫从周大师处得到殷商亡佚的十二篇颂诗，作了一番整理工作，后经孔子删定为今存的《商颂》五篇。《商颂·那》是殷商后裔宋国统治阶级所保存下来祭祀先祖的乐歌，纯属统治阶级颂扬奴隶主功业的宗庙乐章。原文猗与那与！置我鞉鼓。
奏鼓简简，衎我烈祖。
汤孙奏假，绥我思成。
鞉鼓渊渊，嘒嘒管声。
既和且... more
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