
除了视觉听觉触觉,嗅觉和味觉也可以用来帮我们做冥想,通常我们在吃饭的时候用这两种感觉最多,所以我们在吃饭的时候也可以练习冥想。方法也一样,也是要专注,把注意力收回来,放到饭菜的气味和味道上,细嚼慢咽,细细品味。全神贯注,吃一顿饭既享受了美味,也练习了专注、冥想。
大脑的神经可塑性(Neuroplasticity)让人能适宜各种环境,同时大脑本身也会相应处于动态变化中;大脑中的DMN网络让人胡思乱想,ECN网络让人专注;冥想练习正式利用了人脑的神经可塑性,通过练习,让ECN更强,让DMN更弱,从而从根本上让我们更专注,更快乐。
视觉为人提供了70%的外部世界的信息,是人感知外部世界的主要信息来源。通过把注意力主动地放在视觉上。专注的去看一个物体。我们同样可以做很有效的冥想练习。
哈佛大学教授Daniel T. Gilbert和研究员Matthew A. Killingsworth在5000人中采集了25万份数据,数据分析的结果是,人的大脑是爱走神的大脑,爱走神的大脑是不快乐的大脑。
很多传统的哲学和宗教都教人们专注于此时当下来获得快乐,这正是正念冥想的方法,也是被这次研究所证明的方法。
呼吸冥想和身体扫描是利用我们的触觉进行冥想,我们也可以利用听觉进行冥想,这就是我们这一次做的声音冥想。
练习的时候把注意力放在周围环境产生的各种声音上面,只感觉,不思考,只观察,不评判。
冥想几百种,正念冥想是最普及的,因为它经历了科学化、世俗化、通俗化的过程。除此之外,内观冥想也很常见,超觉冥想则是比较早世俗化的冥想,在60年代因为甲壳虫乐队的推崇而成为热点。正念冥想很古老,是佛陀悟出来,也是他教授的通往通往顿悟和解脱的八正道之一,到了今天,它彻底现代化和世俗化了。正念冥想的核心是通过专注于身体而让我们回到当下,回到此时此刻。这被证明是解决我们现代人各种问题的关键步骤。
呼吸是冥想练习时最常用的专注对象,只是因为方便,真正训练的是大脑,它决定了我们在任何情境下的反应;继而又决定了我们的快乐和轻松与否;初练时大脑不受控制,这是初学者最大的困难和障碍;但只要坚持练习,它会变得安静、安详和驯服;Enjoy!
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