
《道德经》,春秋时期老子所著的哲学作品,又称《道德真经》、《老子》、《五千言》、《老子五千文》,是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作,是道家哲学思想的重要来源。道德经分上下两篇,原文上篇《德经》、下篇《道经》,不分章,后改为《道经》37章在前,第38章之后为《德经》,并分为81章。
《道德经》文本以哲学意义之“道德”为纲宗,论述修身、治国、用兵、养生之道,而多以政治为旨归,乃所谓“内圣外王”之学,文意深奥,包涵广博,被誉为万经之王。
《道德经》是中国历史上最伟大的名著之一,对传统哲学、科学、政治、宗教等产生了深刻影响 。据联合国教科文组织统计,《道德经》是除了《圣经》以外被译成外国文字发布量最多的文化名著。
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 81 | Founded | 3 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Categories | HistoryReligionReligion & Spirituality | |||

真实可信的话不漂亮,漂亮的话不真实。善良的人不巧说,巧说的人不善良。真正有知识的人不卖弄,卖弄自己懂得多的人不是真有知识。圣人是不存占有之心的,而是尽力照顾别人,他自己也更为充足;他尽力给予别人,自己反而更丰富。自然的规律是让万事万物都得到好处,而不伤害它们。圣人的行为准则是,做什么事都不跟别人争夺。
使国家变小,使人民稀少。即使有各种各样的器具,却并不使用;使人民重视死亡,而不向远方迁徙;虽然有船只车辆,却不必每次坐它;虽然有武器装备,却没有地方去布阵打仗;使人民再回复到远古结绳记事的自然状态之中。国家治理得好极了,使人民吃得香甜,穿得漂亮、住得安适,过得快乐。国与国之间互相望得见,鸡犬的叫声都可以听得见,但人民从生到死,也不互相往来。
和解深重的怨恨,必然还会残留下残余的怨恨;用德来报答怨恨,这怎么可以算是妥善的办法呢?因此,有道的圣人保存借据的存根,但并不以此强迫别人偿还债务。有“德”之人就像持有借据的圣人那样宽容,没有“德”的人就像掌管税收的人那样苛刻刁诈。自然规律对任何人都没有偏爱,永远帮助有德的善人。
遍天下再没有什么东西比水更柔弱了,而攻坚克强却没有什么东西可以胜过水。弱胜过强,柔胜过刚,遍天下没有人不知道,但是没有人能实行。所以有道的圣人这样说:“承担全国的屈辱,才能成为国家的君主,承担全国的祸灾,才能成为天下的君王。”正面的话好像在反说一样。
自然的规律,不是很像张弓射箭吗?弦拉高了就把它压低一些,低了就把它举高一些,拉得过满了就把它放松一些,拉得不足了就把它补充一些。自然的规律,是减少有余的补给不足的。可是社会的法则却不是这样,要减少不足的,来奉献给有余的人。那么,谁能够减少有余的,以补给天下人的不足呢?只有有道的人才可以做到。因此,有道的圣人这才有所作为而不占有,有所成就而不居功。他是不愿意显示自己的贤能。
人活着的时候身体是柔软的,死了以后身体就变得僵硬。草木生长时是柔软脆弱的,死了以后就变得干硬枯槁了。所以坚强的东西属于死亡的一类,柔弱的东西属于生长的一类。因此,用兵逞强就会遭到灭亡,树木强大了就会遭到砍伐摧折。凡是强大的,总是处于下位,凡是柔弱的,反而居于上位。
人民所以遭受饥荒,就是由于统治者吞吃赋税太多,所以人民才陷于饥饿。人民之所以难于统治,是由于统治者政令繁苛、喜欢有所作为,所以人民就难于统治。人民之所以轻生冒死,是由于统治者为了奉养自己,把民脂民膏都搜刮净了,所以人民觉得死了不算什么。只有不去追求生活享受的人,才比过分看重自己生命的人高明。
人民不畏惧死亡,为什么用死来吓唬他们呢?假如人民真的畏惧死亡的话,对于为非作歹的人,我们就把他抓来杀掉。谁还敢为非作歹?经常有专管杀人的人去执行杀人的任务,代替专管杀人的人去杀人,就如同代替高明的木匠去砍木头,那代替高明的木匠砍木头的人,很少有不砍伤自己手指头的。










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