《道德经》-老子著|诵读
轩辕玉衡《道德经》，春秋时期老子所著的哲学作品，又称《道德真经》、《老子》、《五千言》、《老子五千文》，是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作，是道家哲学思想的重要来源。道德经分上下两篇，原文上篇《德经》、下篇《道经》，不分章，后改为《道经》37章在前，第38章之后为《德经》，并分为81章。 more
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 81 | Founded | 2 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Categories | HistoryReligion & SpiritualityReligion | ||
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真实可信的话不漂亮，漂亮的话不真实。善良的人不巧说，巧说的人不善良。真正有知识的人不卖弄，卖弄自己懂得多的人不是真有知识。圣人是不存占有之心的，而是尽力照顾别人，他自己也更为充足；他尽力给予别人，自己反而更丰富。自然的规律是让万事万物都得到好处，而不伤害它们。圣人的行为准则是，做什么事都不跟别人争夺。
使国家变小，使人民稀少。即使有各种各样的器具，却并不使用；使人民重视死亡，而不向远方迁徙；虽然有船只车辆，却不必每次坐它；虽然有武器装备，却没有地方去布阵打仗；使人民再回复到远古结绳记事的自然状态之中。国家治理得好极了，使人民吃得香甜，穿得漂亮、住得安适，过得快乐。国与国之间互相望得见，鸡犬的叫声都可以听得见，但人民从生到死，也不互相往来。
和解深重的怨恨，必然还会残留下残余的怨恨；用德来报答怨恨，这怎么可以算是妥善的办法呢？因此，有道的圣人保存借据的存根，但并不以此强迫别人偿还债务。有“德”之人就像持有借据的圣人那样宽容，没有“德”的人就像掌管税收的人那样苛刻刁诈。自然规律对任何人都没有偏爱，永远帮助有德的善人。
遍天下再没有什么东西比水更柔弱了，而攻坚克强却没有什么东西可以胜过水。弱胜过强，柔胜过刚，遍天下没有人不知道，但是没有人能实行。所以有道的圣人这样说：“承担全国的屈辱，才能成为国家的君主，承担全国的祸灾，才能成为天下的君王。”正面的话好像在反说一样。
自然的规律，不是很像张弓射箭吗？弦拉高了就把它压低一些，低了就把它举高一些，拉得过满了就把它放松一些，拉得不足了就把它补充一些。自然的规律，是减少有余的补给不足的。可是社会的法则却不是这样，要减少不足的，来奉献给有余的人。那么，谁能够减少有余的，以补给天下人的不足呢？只有有道的人才可以做到。因此，有道的圣人这才有所作为而不占有，有所成就而不居功。他是不愿意显示自己的贤能。
人活着的时候身体是柔软的，死了以后身体就变得僵硬。草木生长时是柔软脆弱的，死了以后就变得干硬枯槁了。所以坚强的东西属于死亡的一类，柔弱的东西属于生长的一类。因此，用兵逞强就会遭到灭亡，树木强大了就会遭到砍伐摧折。凡是强大的，总是处于下位，凡是柔弱的，反而居于上位。
人民所以遭受饥荒，就是由于统治者吞吃赋税太多，所以人民才陷于饥饿。人民之所以难于统治，是由于统治者政令繁苛、喜欢有所作为，所以人民就难于统治。人民之所以轻生冒死，是由于统治者为了奉养自己，把民脂民膏都搜刮净了，所以人民觉得死了不算什么。只有不去追求生活享受的人，才比过分看重自己生命的人高明。
人民不畏惧死亡，为什么用死来吓唬他们呢？假如人民真的畏惧死亡的话，对于为非作歹的人，我们就把他抓来杀掉。谁还敢为非作歹？经常有专管杀人的人去执行杀人的任务，代替专管杀人的人去杀人，就如同代替高明的木匠去砍木头，那代替高明的木匠砍木头的人，很少有不砍伤自己手指头的。
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Apple Podcasts | #243 |  Taiwan/History |
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