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Artwork for 量子计算百年-群星闪耀时:国际量子年

量子计算百年-群星闪耀时:国际量子年

薛定谔的猫师傅

量子不只是“高冷理论”——它藏在你的手机芯片、电脑、医院激光仪器里!2025联合国“国际量子年”特别企划,把百年量子史诗讲成你愿追更的“科学故事汇”:每集仅10分钟,通勤、午休就能听完;约40集共400分钟,完整吃透量子百年脉络。 这里没有枯燥公式,只有“反套路”科学群星:被劝“别学理论物理”的普朗克,1900年失眠夜算出“量子常数”掀翻经典物理;爱因斯坦提“光量子”时,连普朗克都直呼“太颠覆”;玻尔、海森堡在争论中搭起量子框架,把“能量是颗粒”的想法,变成今天量子计算机的基石。每10分钟都有“科研名场面”,也藏“生活关联”——你的手机摄像头,都能在量子史里找源头。 带你读故事的是清华物理系博士栾春阳:深耕离子阱量子硬件,在《科普中国》《中国科普博览》等平台发表几十篇量子科普文章,最会把复杂理论拆成“大白话”。 从1900年“量子第一缕光”到2025年“千比特量子突破”,我们拆核心答案:经... more

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Artwork for 量子计算百年-群星闪耀时:国际量子年

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2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子两大学派跨世纪争论迎来终局:经典学派难接受量子概率性,玻姆提出 “隐变量理论” 折中 —— 认为粒子状态早被 “隐变量” 提前确定,量子纠缠只是表象。

直到贝尔不等式横空出世!它将理论争论转化为可验证指标:若隐变量存在,纠缠粒子关联必满足不等式;若量子力学正确,不等式必被打破。1982 年阿斯佩实验首证不等式不成立,1997 年塞林格补全漏洞,2022 年诺奖表彰三人,正式宣告量子学派胜利 —— ... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子两大学派对决升级:爱因斯坦搬出狭义相对论 “光速最快” 铁律,联合波多尔斯基、罗森发起 “EPR 佯谬” 挑战 —— 假设大粒子衰变生成的 A、B 粒子分飞金星与火星,测量 A 便瞬间知 B 状态,这看似超光速传递信息,直指量子纠缠 “非局域性” 违背相对论,坚称量子力学 “不完备”,背后必有 “隐变量”。

面对这场硬核挑战,波尔却点破关键漏洞:纠缠粒子本是 “不可分割的整体”,测量不是 “超光速... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子世界最烧脑的 “量子纠缠” 与最知名的 “薛定谔的猫” 重磅登场:微观粒子相互作用后,即便相隔千里仍能超光速关联,爱因斯坦称之为 “鬼魅的相互作用”;而薛定谔为反驳量子学派,设计出 “密闭箱中猫既活又死” 的思想实验,试图用宏观荒谬戳破量子叠加的 “漏洞”。

经典学派(爱因斯坦、薛定谔)坚守确定性、实在性、局域性,量子学派(波尔、海森堡)则主张微观世界的概率性、观测依赖性与非局域性,两大学派的交锋... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子精密测量迈入光学时代:21 世纪初,亨施与霍尔发明 “光学频率梳”,以等间距频谱像梳子般梳理光的高频节拍,架起微波与光学的精密桥梁,凭此斩获诺奖;“魔术波长” 技术更打造 “隔音囚笼”,让原子安稳计时不受干扰。

光学晶格钟精度飙升至 10⁻¹⁹量级(宇宙大爆炸至今误差<1 秒),2022 年 JILA 实验室更在毫米尺度观测到引力红移;量子纠缠突破标准量子极限,让时钟稳定度翻倍;²²⁹钍核钟探索更... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,人类对时间的测量从日晷、机械钟迈向量子时代:20 世纪中叶,拉姆齐跳出 “追求完美磁场” 的思维定式,用 “分离振荡场方法” 将一次测量拆为两次短操作,中间留空让原子 “自由思考”,最终观测到清晰的 “拉姆齐条纹”,为原子钟奠定核心技术,更凭此斩获诺奖。

1967 年,“秒” 迎来量子化定义 —— 以铯 - 133 原子基态超精细跃迁的 9192631770 个周期为 1 秒。背后是超冷原子制备、原子... more

从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子保密通信突破理论走向实战:1997 年量子隐形传态实现几米级传输,2007 年加那利群岛实验攻克 144 公里大气干扰难题,2016 年 “墨子号” 升空,穿透大气层完成千公里星地纠缠分发与密钥传输,让星空成为量子实验室的穹顶。

2017 年 “京沪干线” 开通,2000 公里地面网络串联 11 城,更与 “墨子号” 实现天地对接,构筑起 “卫星覆盖广域 + 地面精细连接” 的一体化量子安全网。从测量设备无关技术到双场协议,新一代突破持续推... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,传统密码学正面临量子计算机的 “降维打击”——RSA 等依赖数学难题的加密方式,在 Shor 算法面前几小时就会被破解。而量子保密通信却另辟蹊径,将安全根基扎在量子力学三大原理上:玻尔互补性原理让信息 “不可窥视”,不可克隆定理让信号 “不可复制”,量子纠缠脆弱性让窃听 “不可隐藏”,三把 “量子锁” 构筑绝对安全防线。

1984 年 BB84 协议更将原理落地:双重随机选基编码、公开对账筛密钥、窃听... more

2025 联合国 “国际量子年” 特别企划!从 1905 年普朗克 “量子化” 开启百年征程,量子计算在 1990 年代迎来算法爆发:1994 年肖尔算法横空出世,几小时分解经典机需算百万年的大数,直接撼动 RSA 加密根基;1996 年格罗弗算法再添利器,让无序数据库搜索效率飙升 50 万倍,成量子算法通用模块。

硬件赛道更呈 “群雄逐鹿” 之势:离子阱路线率先实现肖尔算法,分解数字 15 迈出关键步;2019 年谷歌 “悬铃木” 宣告量子优越性,200 秒完成超算万年任务;中国 “九章”“... more

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