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日讲 | 古代皇帝们御用的教科书

清风宋朝

《日讲》这部书曾是清代康熙皇帝研读钦定的书,得益于而今的盛世时代,我们有幸可以学习当年只有皇子大臣才能看到的书,真是幸甚之至!

PublishesDailyEpisodes39Foundeda year ago
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Self-ImprovementSociety & CulturePhilosophyEducation

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原文:《康诰》曰:如保赤子。心诚求之,虽不中,不远矣。未有学养子而后嫁者也。一家仁,一国兴仁;一家让,一国兴让;一人贪戾,一国作乱。其机如此。此谓一言偾事,一人定国。日讲原文:此二节书,是言孝、弟、慈无待强为,而申明教成于国之效也。曾子曰:“孝、弟、慈,即所以事君、事长、使众者,以其理皆出于心之所诚然也。试即以慈言之。昔武王作书以告康叔曰:‘为人君者,保爱百姓,当如慈母之保赤子。’盖以赤子初生,每不能自言其所欲,全赖为母者以至诚真恳之心,多方以求之,而后得焉。当其求之,虽未必一一皆合,然已心慊,... more

原文:所谓“治国必先齐其家”者,其家不可教而能教人者,无之。故君子不出家而成教于国。孝者,所以事君也;弟者,所以事长也;慈者,所以使众也。日讲原文:此一章书是释经文“齐家”“治国”之意。曾子曰:“圣经所谓‘治国必先齐其家’者,盖言家为一国之本,必先修身以教家,而后国可治也。若不能修身以为一家之观型,则其家不可教矣。乃欲国中共相感化,而能教其国之人者,必无是理。故治国之君子,惟修身以教家,不越庭闱之中,以尽纲常之理,而仪型所立,一国之人自相观而善,而教可成也。所以然者,盖以家国一理耳。如家有亲,本... more

原文:所谓“齐其家在修其身”者,人之其所亲爱而辟焉,之其所贱恶而辟焉,之其所畏敬而辟焉,之其年哀矜而辟焉,之其所傲惰而辟焉。故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者,天下鲜矣。故谚有之曰:人莫知其子之恶,莫知其苗之硕。此谓身不修,不可以齐其家。日讲原文:此一章书是释经文“修身”、“齐家”之意。曾子曰:“圣经所谓‘齐家必先修其身’者,盖言身为一家之本,欲齐家者,全在吾身之好恶,不至偏辟耳。常人任其情之所向,于一家之中,多失其当然之则,是以所好所恶,每至于一偏,而身不修也。如骨肉之间,本宜亲爱,然恩意固所宜周,而... more

原文:所谓修身在正其心者,身有所忿懥,则不得其正;有所恐惧,则不得其正;有所好乐,则下得其止;有所忧患,则不得其正。心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而不知其味。此谓修身在正其心。日讲原文:此一章书,是释经文“正心”、“修身”之义。曾子曰:“圣经所谓‘修身在正其心’者,盖言身以心为主宰,身之不修,皆由于心之不正也。心当未感之先,湛然无物,原无不正。一有所著,则失湛然之初,而不得其正矣。如心著于怒而有所忿懥,则此心为忿懥所动,而不得其正;如著于畏而有所恐惧,则此心为恐惧所移,而不得其正;如著于喜,而... more

原文:曾子曰:“十目所视,十手所指,其严乎!富润屋,德润身,心广体胖,故君子必诚其意。”日讲原文:此二节书,是门人引曾子平曰之言,以见独之当慎也。曾子曰:凡人于幽独之中,以为无人得见,无人行指,便恣其所为,无所顾忌。不知善无微而不彰,恶有形而必著。一念之动,勿谓人莫我视也,十目之所视左此矣;勿谓人莫我指也,十手之所指在此矣。盖善恶虽见乎彰著之时,而指视则存乎发念之始,是幽独之中,昭昭难掩,不其凛凛然严而可畏乎?知其可畏,则慎独之功殆亦无容自恕矣。若诚能慎独,夫岂无所征验乎?尝见家之富足者,则居室... more

原文:小人闲居为不善,无所不至,见君子而后厌然,揜其不善,而著其善。人之视已,如见其肺肝然,则何益矣?此谓诚于中,形于外,故君子必慎其独也。日讲原文:此一节书,是引小人以见自欺之蔽。曾子曰:慎独之功,惟君子能之,而小人则不然。彼当闲居之时,以为无人得见,遂孳孳纵欲,将不善之事无所不为,此正其不知独之当慎,而甘自欺也。及一见君子,亦知惶恐,而后厌然,消沮闭藏,急掩其平日之不善,而假饰一为善之状以欺人。殊不知人心至灵,自不可欺。彼虽如此掩饰,而人之视己巳如见其肺肝矣。夫此厌然之心,亦是本来之知未尽灭... more

原文:所谓诚其意者,毋自欺也。如恶恶臭,如好好色,此之谓自谦。故君子必慎其独也。日讲原文:此一章书,是曾子释经文诚意之义。曾子曰:人当致知之后,明知其为善而行之不力,明知共为不善而去之不力,是皆自欺之心也。经文所谓诚其意者,全在意念发动之时,实用其力,禁止其自欺之心而已。盖天下之事,不过善恶两端,吾心之发,不外好、恶二念。当其恶恶也,则恶之必尽其诚,而使之必去,如恶恶臭然;当其好善也,则好之必尽其诚,而使之必得,如好好色然。好善恶恶如此,则好恶之本心无一毫之亏歉,此心常快然而自足矣,岂不自慊乎?... more

原文:此谓知本,此谓知之至也。日讲原文:上句是错误重出,下句是结上文语气,疑中有脱简。右传之五章,盖释格物致知之义,而今亡矣。间尝窃取程子之意以补之曰:所谓致知在格物者,言欲致吾之知,在即物而穷其理也。盖人心之灵,莫不有知,而天下之物,莫不有理,惟于理有未穷,故其知有不尽也。是以大学始教,必使学者即凡天下之物,莫不因其已知之理而益穷之,以求至乎其极。至于用力之久,而一旦豁然贯通焉,则众物之表里精精无不到,而吾心之全体大用无不明矣。此谓物格,此谓知之至也。此一章书,是朱子补释经文格物致知之义。朱子... more

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