大脑未解之谜 | 脑中的大象之隐性动机
千寻吴鸣探索大脑的秘密，
了解真实的自己，
解开心中的疑惑，
看穿这纷乱的世界！
我是吴鸣，
带你走进心灵的深处，
找到那久违的自己！
每个人在独处时都是真诚的，可当第二个人一出现，虚伪也随之出现了。
——拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
如果你想了解人类所思所想背后的原因，请阅读《脑中的大象》。希姆勒和汉森是迄今为止对人类本性和行为做出最全面、最震撼、最一致解释的人。
——杰森·布伦南（Jason Brennan）
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 29 | Founded | 5 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Categories | Social SciencesRelationshipsScienceSociety & Culture | ||
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“新闻秘书”模块就像是守门员一样，帮助大脑的其余部分隐藏秘密，从而将最积极、最具防御性的一面呈现给外部世界。我们就像是大脑内部的同伴——要了解政府的所作所为，但是，“新闻秘书”却控制了那么多的信息流，因此它是一个臭名昭著的舆论导向专家。
大脑天生该做的是什么呢？加扎尼加从多年的研究之中得到了这样一种结论：所有人的大脑中都包含一种他称为“阐释者模块” 的系统。该模块的功能在于通过阐释来说明我们的经历：将过去和现在的信息结合在一起的故事，把个人与外部世界结合在一起的故事。这个模块会根据它所能获得的信息，尽其所能地进行阐释。对于全脑人而言，由于信息可以在两个半脑之间自由地流动，所以该模块所做出的阐释往往很有说服力。但是，无论是由于脑部损伤或者是其他任何理由，当信息流动受阻的时候，该模块就被迫编造出生硬的、不可靠的阐释，甚至是纯粹的胡... more
我们首先来了解一下人脑的两个基本特点。第一个特点：每个半脑分别处理来自身体另一侧的信号。所以，左脑控制的是身体的右侧（右臂、右脚、右手等等），而右脑则控制着身体的左侧。在处理来自耳朵的信号时也是如此：左脑处理来自右耳的声音，反之亦然。对于眼睛来说则会复杂一点儿，但是结果是当患者正视前方的时候，右侧的所有东西（处于视域右侧的东西）是由左脑来处理的，而左侧的所有东西都是由右脑来处理的。 第二个特点：患者在接受胼胝体切开术之后，两个半脑再也无法分享信息了。在一个正常的（全）脑中，信息自由地在两个半脑之... more
现代心理学家认为，大脑并非一个单一的程序或小型委员会，而是由成千上万个不同的部分或“模块”组成的混合体，每个模块各司其职，独立负责具有细微差异的信息处理任务。大脑由许多系统构成，系统之间相互联系，又各自独立。人工智能研究专家马文·明斯基为此提出了一个著名的概念，即“心智社会”。 大脑和社会一样，可以根据不同目的对其进行划分。
疯子说道：“无论如何，我都要这么做。滚开，别挡道！”当我们投身于某种特定的行为之中时，其他参与者的动机通常也会发生改变。这就是拆下方向盘就能赢得懦夫游戏的原因，这也是商人、黑帮老大、运动员和其他竞争者千方百计要从心理上战胜对手的原因。
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