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天文地理小科普

帅妈讲故事

为小朋友们讲解各种科学小知识,自然小知识,让小朋友们都能够喜欢自然,喜欢科学,小伙伴们,快跟我一起了解我们的地球,了解我们的世界吧!

PublishesDailyEpisodes190Founded5 years ago
Language
ZH-CN
Categories
Kids & FamilyEducation for Kids

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人身上的各种组织器官都只有一副,而且生下来以后不会更换。只有牙齿与众不同,一生中有两副,要进行一次“交接班” 。一副叫乳牙,它们小而不耐磨,共20颗。由于在吃奶时就开始长出,所以称为乳牙。另一副是恒牙,从6岁开始渐渐接替乳牙。通常恒牙较大,而且耐磨,上下左右共28颗,也有32颗的。乳牙和恒牙有着不完全相同的功能。乳牙除了咀嚼食物之外,还能刺激牙床骨发育,引导恒牙生长,而恒牙主要用于咀嚼食物。人的牙床骨有一个从小到大的发育过程,在幼儿期,牙床骨不大,这时候如果长出一副恒牙,将无法在牙床骨上立足。进... more

头皮屑实际上是脱落的角质细胞。 人体表皮的增生和演变起源于表皮最下层的基底细胞。随着新陈代谢,基底细胞向上增生移动,最终成为角质细胞而脱落,这个过程大约需要310~430小时。 角质细胞每时每刻都在脱落,只不过每个细胞仅有几个毫微米大小而不会被人发觉罢了。 有些人由于性激素平衡失调,尤其是雄性激素水平增高,使油脂分泌增多。头皮表面的油多了,许多脱落的角质细胞便容易互相粘在一起,形成肉眼能看见的头皮屑。 有些人喜欢用碱性很强的肥皂洗头, 或者使用一些刺激性大的药物,也会使头皮屑增多。头皮屑过多还可... more

在每一个手指的指尖处,有一个地方叫做甲根,就是指甲的生产工厂。指甲是由一种硬角质蛋白组成的。这种蛋白是从表皮细胞演变而来的,因为表皮细胞从出生一直到死亡,都在不断地进行新陈代谢,所以指甲角质蛋白也会不断生成,因此,指甲也不停止生长。所以,在人们剪了指甲后,指甲还能够长出来。另外指甲的生长速度不是永恒不变的,它是受各种因素影响的,例如:年龄、健康等。不同年龄的人,指甲的生长速度不一样。一般而言,少年儿童的指甲生长速度最快,成人其次,老年人最慢,这与人的新陈代谢是有关的。此外,一个健康的人表皮细胞合... more

在人体的各个部位中,就数耳朵最怕冷了,这是因为耳朵里分布着末梢毛细血管。人体中,血液从心脏泵出后,沿着大动脉向中动脉、小动脉直至毛细血管流动,越是到毛细血管末梢里,血液越少,自然能量和热量越少。再者,耳朵虽然相对于身体其他部位体积小,但相对表面积却很大,所以热量很容易挥发。打个比方,同样两个玻璃杯装满热水,其中一个用布裹上,只留个杯口, 经过一段时间时,你会发现没用布裹住的玻璃杯里的水比裹了布的玻璃杯里的水要凉得快。耳朵也正是由于这个原因,冬天里最怕冷。而且,当身体穿上厚厚的冬衣时,耳朵却无法罩... more

萤火虫的光有的黄绿,有的橙红,亮度也各不相同。它们发光的部分是在腹部最后两节。这两节在白天是灰白色,在黑夜才能发出光亮。光是通过透明的表皮而发出。 表皮下面是一些能发光的细胞。 发光细胞的下面是另一些能发射光线的细胞,其中充满着小颗粒,称为线粒体。线粒体能把身体里所吸收的养分氧化,合成某种含有能量的物质。 发光细胞还含有两种特别的成分:一种叫做荧光素, 一种叫做荧光酶。荧光素和含能量的物质结合,在有氧气时,受荧光酶的催化作用,使化学能转化为光能,于是产生光亮。萤火虫常常一闪一闪地发光,是因为它能... more

仙人掌是仙人掌科植物的统称,共有2000多个种类,有掌形、球形、柱形等多种形态。

仙人掌喜欢生长在干旱的沙漠里。在干旱的环境中,仙人掌逐渐形成了自己独特的抗旱特征:茎肥厚多汁,有发达的薄壁组织细胞善于贮藏水分;茎的表皮由厚而硬的蜡质或密集的绒毛覆盖,从而避免和减少阳光照射,降低水分蒸发。仙人掌根系庞大,吸收水分的能力很强,善于收集微量的水分。一遇降雨,它就会在表层长出许多新根,大量吸水。仙人掌的大根有很厚的木栓组织保护,能在灼热的沙石上顽强生活而不会干死。 有些大仙人掌的寿命可达数百年。

花儿为什么这样多姿多彩?仔细地观察一下,就可以发现,大多数花儿的颜色,是在红、紫、蓝之间变化着,另外一些是在黄、橙、红之间变化着。花色之所以能够在黄、橙、红之间变化,那是由于类胡萝卜素在起作用。类胡萝卜素的种类很多,大约有60种。像枯黄的叶子、成熟的烟叶里所含的黄色的叶黄素,就是类胡萝卜素中的一种。花色能够在红、紫、蓝之间变化,是因为花朵细胞里的花青素在起作用。花青素是一种有机色素,它极易变色,只要温度、酸碱度稍有变化,就会呈现不同的颜色。在植物体里,有酸性的物质,也有碱性的物质。即使在同一植物... more

当外界的声波进入耳朵与鼓膜相遇时,鼓膜就会产生振动。声波强,鼓膜振动大;声波弱,鼓膜振动小。声音高,鼓膜振动快;声音低,鼓膜振动慢。鼓膜将这种振动信号一直往里输送,通过内耳直到大脑,人才能听见声音。耳朵里进了水,正好挡住了声波的去路,声波进不去,不能使鼓膜振动,或者进去的声波因为受到阻挡变弱了, 鼓膜振动很小, 自然就听不清声音了。 用棉花塞住耳朵,或用手捂住耳朵,就听不清声音,也是这个道理。耳朵里进了水可以侧过脑袋,使进水的耳朵朝下,同时提起对侧的脚,跳几跳,水就会流出来。还可以用棉签小心地伸... more

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