文选 ：荒原狼 - 黑塞
Bolazynes黑塞名篇节选 - 荒原狼
| Publishes | Twice weekly | Episodes | 15 | Founded | 6 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Categories | PhilosophyBooksArtsSociety & Culture | ||
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我们从这种观点出发来观察荒原狼，就会明白他那可笑的双重性格为什么使他那么痛苦。他和浮士德一样，以为一个胸膛容不下两个灵魂；两个灵魂在一个胸膛里肯定会把胸膛撕裂。实际上正好相反，两个灵魂是太少了，哈里用如此简单的模式去理解他的灵魂，这就大大歪曲了真相，曲解了他的灵魂。哈里是个天资很高的人；但他却像只能数一和二的野人那样简单。他把自己的一半叫做人，另一半叫做狼，就以为到了尽头，把自己理解透了。他把身上所有富有智慧的、高尚的、文明的东西归到“人”一边，把一切本能的、野蛮的、杂乱无章的东西归到狼一边。然... more
这种错觉建立在某种简单的比喻之上。一个人的肉体是统一的整体，而灵魂从来不是统一的。文学创作，即使是最精粹的文学创作，始终习惯于把人写成似乎是完整的、统一的。在迄今为止的文学创作中，专家们最推崇的是戏剧，这样做是完全有道理的。因为戏剧提供了最大的可能来描写“自我”的多样性一一一一其中的每一个人物都免不了由独一无二的、统一的、完整的躯体加以表现。对于这种现象只作粗枝大叶的观察，就会得到剧中人都是统一体的错误印象。所以这种观察并不能推翻戏剧表现自我多样性的论断。即便是最原始的美学也极为赞赏所谓的性格戏... more
像哈里这样一个知识广博的聪明人会把自己看成荒原狼，相信能够用如此简朴、如此残忍、如此原始的公式表达他那丰富而复杂的生活，对于这一点我们不应该感到惊奇。人并没有高度的思维能力。即使最聪慧、最有教养的人也是经常通过非常天真幼稚的、简化的、充满谎言的公式的有色眼镜观察世界和自己，尤其在观察自己时更是如此！因为从表面看，所有的人似乎都具有一种天生的、必然的需要，把自我想象为一个整体。这种狂热尽管会经常地受到巨大的冲击而动摇，但它每次都能复元如旧。坐在杀人犯面前的法官直盯着他的眼睛，在某一瞬间，他听见杀人... more
在本文结尾还需要澄清最后一点不符合实际之处，一个原则性的错觉。所有的“解释”，所有的心理学，所有的探讨都需要辅助手段，需要理论、神话、谎言；一个正直的作者应该在他论述的结尾尽量澄清这些谎言。假如我说有“上”“下”之分，那么这就是一种观点，要求进一步得到解释，因为只有在思想中，在抽象概念中才有上下之分。世界本身并没有上下。 more
荒原狼并不缺乏实现这些要求的天赋和条件。如果他能够在他那闷热难耐、杂乱无章的地狱里把这魔酒烧干排干的话，也许就得救了。可是他还有许多欠缺。然而得救的可能性是存在的，希望尚未熄灭。热爱他的人，同情他的人尽可以祝愿他得到拯救。这样，他也许会永远弥留于市民之中，但是另一方面，他的痛苦就会变得容易忍受，会有所收益。他与市民世界的关系——他既爱它又恨它——就会失去伤感的情调，他属于市民世界的感觉就不再会把他当作污点，经常不断地折磨他。 more
如果我们进一步剖析荒原狼的灵魂，我们就会发现，他那异常发展的个性使他成了一个非市民，因为物极必反，个性过分强烈，就转过来反对自我，破坏自我。我们看到，在他身上既有一种强大的力量把他推向圣贤，又有促使他堕落的强烈本能。然而，由于某种弱点或惯性，他不能腾起身来进入完全自由混沌的太空，他仍然为市民阶层，这个生育他的、吸引力强大的星球所羁绊。这就是他在宇宙这个空间中的地位，他所受到的制约。绝大部分知识分子，大部分艺术家都属于这种类型。他们中只有那些最强的人才突破市民阶层这个地球的大气层，进入宇宙空间，其... more
很清楚，这种软弱而胆怯的人尽管数量很多，但是却不能自立自卫。基于他们的这种特点，他们在这个世界上只能扮演狼群中的羔羊的角色。但是我们也看到，虽然铁腕人物统治时期市民立刻被排挤，他们的才能得不到发挥，但是他们从未衰亡，有时似乎还在统治世界。这怎么可能呢？他们的人数、他们的道德、他们的知识水平和组织能力都不足以拯救他们免于衰亡沉沦。一个人如果生来就没有旺盛的生命力，那么世界上就没有任何药物能维持他的生命。但是市民阶层却依然存在，而且在不断地发展壮大。这是什么原因呢？ more
这样，他的知识与行为也分成两半，其中一半所认可和肯定的始终是另一半所反对和否定的。他是在一个有教养的有产者家庭中长大的；那里有固定的形式和道德风尚，所以他的一部分灵魂始终不能摆脱这个世界的秩序，虽然他个性化的程度早已超越普通市民许可的尺度，但他早已不受普通市民的理想和信仰的内容所约束。 more
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文选 ：荒原狼 launched 6 years ago and published 15 episodes to date. You can find more information about this podcast including rankings, audience demographics and engagement in our podcast database.
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