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魏晋南北朝史

妙手文化

两汉期间是以儒家为统治思想。但是在东汉政权瓦解后,儒家作为统治地位也随之动摇。魏晋时期文化发展及其迅速的,还有就是对于思想的研讨。魏晋门阀士族为了统治需要从而寻找新的理论体系,魏晋玄学是一种研究老庄的哲学思潮。

PublishesTwice weeklyEpisodes427Founded3 years ago
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杨泉在《物理论》中,还企图说明天地万物的运动变化的原因。他说:“天者,旋也,均(造圆形陶器的旋转器)也。积阳为刚,其体回旋,群生之所大仰。”“日者,太阳之精也。”“月,水之精。”“风者,阴阳乱气激发而起者也。....方土异气,疾徐不同, 和平则顺,违逆则凶,非有使之者也。”他想用阴阳两种气的对立和相互作用来解释自然界的不同的运动和变化。

在当时自然科学水平的限制之下,杨泉要想把物质世界的各种自然现象解释到接近正确程度,那是不可能的,是脱离时代的一种要求。但是在唯心主义的玄学家们大肆宣传“无”是... more

在这期播客中,我们深入探讨了魏晋时期的思想争鸣,特别是郭象与阳泉的哲学思想。郭象的“读画学说”主张维护世家大族的既得利益,而阳泉则以唯物主义批判当时的玄学,强调宇宙的物质性和水的根本地位。这场思想的较量不仅揭示了当时社会的阶级结构,也反映了哲学思想的演变。两位思想家的观点各有千秋,值得我们深入思考与讨论。

闻多之不足以正少,因欲弃多而任少,是举天下而弃之,不亦妄乎。”(《骈拇》注)郭象的这一观点,是极其露骨的。他一方面要人人安分守己,不要以小羡大;另一方面却认为世家大族也不必因此而放弃自己已有的经济利益和政治利益,弃多任少。如果弃多任少,就会把世家大族地主阶级的专政权利也放弃了,那就是“举天下而弃之”,在他认为这就是妄之又妄了。

郭象认为世家大族生来就是世家大族,露门役户生来就是露门役户,一切存在的,都是合理的。所以他说:“夫时之所贤者为君,才不应世者为臣。若天之自高,地之自卑,首自在上,足自居... more

在这一期播客中,我们深入探讨了郭象关于自然与命运的独特见解。他强调,人应当安于自己的位置,接受命运的安排,而不是一味追求外界的渴望。郭象借助自然界的法则,指出每个人都有自己的分分与命运,追求与满足之间的平衡至关重要。他提到小鸟与大鹏的故事,提醒我们要珍惜自身的价值,而不是羡慕他人。通过这些哲学思考,郭象的智慧为我们提供了面对生活挑战的另一种视角。

郭相在其哲学中强调万物的差别仅存在于主观认识中,而不应以外在的大小、形体来评判。他认为,只要每个事物能满足自身的需求,客观的差别就无所谓存在。通过对庄子思想的解读,郭相进一步指出,人的内在德性和主观信念才是获得真正满足的关键。他提到,万物之间的联系与差异是相对的,治德才是实现和谐的根本。郭相的观点鼓励我们从内心与自我需求出发,重新审视周围的世界。

在本期播客中,我们深入探讨了郭象的哲学观点,特别是他对万物存在及其自我生成的看法。郭象认为万物并非由造物主创造,而是各自独立存在,否定了传统的道与无生化万物的观点。他强调万物的生长与外部条件无关,认为一切事物的存在是孤立的,没有因果关系。通过郭象的哲学,我们能更好地理解事物的自然本质,以及如何在无心的情况下进行思考与认识。

本期播客探讨了向秀与郭象在庄子注释上的哲学思想碰撞。两位哲学家不仅在解读庄子时存在差异,更是在变化的本质上达成共识。向秀与郭象的观点反映了当时哲学的思潮,尤其是对自然与变化的理解。我们将揭示他们之间的争论和友谊,以及为何这一讨论至今仍然引发关注。通过对庄子的解读,他们的思想影响了后世哲学的发展。

还用很辛辣的口吻来讽刺礼法之士,他说:

世人所谓君子,唯法是修,唯礼是克。手执圭壁,足履绳墨。行欲为目前检,言欲为无穷则。少称乡党,长闻邻国。上欲图三公,下不失九州牧。独不见群虱之处裈中,逃乎深缝,匿乎坏絮,自以为吉宅也。行不敢离缝隙,动不敢出辉裆,自以为得绳墨也。然炎丘火流,焦邑灭都,群虱处于裈中,而不能出也。君子之处域内,何异夫虱之处祥中

乎。(《晋书·阮籍传》)

他最后还说:“汝君子之礼法,诚天下助残贼,乱危死亡之术耳。” 这样大胆地抨击世家大族的礼法名教,是有进步意义的。

直到嵇康... more

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魏晋南北朝史 launched 3 years ago and published 427 episodes to date. You can find more information about this podcast including rankings, audience demographics and engagement in our podcast database.

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