对立之美|聊着聊着就听完了500年西方艺术史
给小白白的有声书不知道大家有没有和我类似的感觉： more
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 70 | Founded | 10 months ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Categories | Visual ArtsArtsHistory | ||
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欢迎继续收听对立之美。到今天，咱们的这本书也到了尾声的阶段了，一块儿共同去回顾了西方艺术史在这五百年当中的变化，从文艺复兴一直到了现当代的绘画和音乐。著名的艺术史学家，奥地利裔的英国人贡布里希爵士曾经在他的著作《艺术的故事》当中表达了一个核心观点：没有艺术，只有艺术家。 关于艺术是什么，想用一句话做完整且精确的定义确实非常难。艺术显然是存在的，艺术的定义随时代发展也在不断变化，在数学里面存在着比如抛物线，双曲线，贝塞尔函数，勒让德函数等等各种各样漂亮的函数。这些函数在数学上都拥有高度自洽的美感，... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。就如二战之后，现代艺术迎来了一次全新的转变一样，现代音乐呢，也进入了当代音乐阶段，甚至是实验性音乐的阶段。这一时期的作曲家就如当时的艺术家们一样，试图要去扩大音乐的疆界，试图重新去定义什么叫做音乐。新音乐版图扩张的一个重要方向就是去挖掘全新的音响效果，跳出传统音乐的管弦乐范围，去寻求新奇的声音，全新的音乐语言。法国作曲家梅西安可以说是这方面的先驱，他首次在交响乐当中加入了电子音乐。在波士顿交响乐团的委托作品图伦加利拉交响曲当中，梅西安使用了一种叫做马特诺琴的电子乐器。能发出... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。在讲到绘画的时候，说到达达主义，那是对传统艺术审美的极端颠覆，是第一次世界大战代表的社会矛盾在精神领域的写照。在一战爆发之前，各个文化领域都显现出这种矛盾的积累。俄罗斯作曲家斯特拉文斯基之于二十世纪的现代主义音乐，就好比毕加索之于现代主义绘画一般。两个人年龄也相仿。斯特拉文斯基的春之祭是当时创新音乐作品当中最能体现一战预兆的。春之祭是一部芭蕾舞剧的配乐，拉开了现代主义音乐的新篇章。这部作品表现的是俄国原始部落祭祀大自然的一种仪式，再现部落推举出的季春少女用剧烈舞蹈的方式升天... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。古典音乐和现代音乐的分水岭是谁呢？是勋伯格。总体上，勋伯格之前的音乐家写的都是调性音乐。关于什么是调性，在斯拉夫和法兰西那章当中咱们已经有所提及。他的创作体系最早是由法国巴洛克时期的作曲家拉莫所确定下来的，是以主和弦，属和弦以及下属和弦为主要动因的和声体系。这就像古典绘画总是以描绘自然为目标。古典音乐也一样，音乐拥有调性是不言而明的默认设置。否则，古典音乐中，尤其是在古典时期的作品里面就不会有大量的什么什么调儿第几交响曲的命名格式了。进入现代主义艺术时期之后，无论是绘画还是... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。二战之后，西方艺术的中心就从法国的巴黎转移到了美国的纽约。这其实很好理解，为什么，因为总体上来说，艺术它是跟着钱走的，也可以说是钱跟着艺术走，二者互为动因。二战之后，美国毫无疑问成为了最大赢家，一方面全球经济中心落在了纽约。另外一方面呢，在战争的摧残下，欧洲大批的优秀艺术家去了美国纽约自然也成了他们的聚集地从此。西方艺术逐渐步入了当代艺术时期。咱们不妨把二战结束到冷战结束这个时段称为现当代艺术时期。二战之后，在美国最早兴起的艺术运动就是大名鼎鼎的抽象表现主义运动。它和之前艺... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。现代主义艺术时期可以认为是从十九世纪后半叶起到二十世纪的六十年代中，此处以大规模战争作为划分现代艺术主流精神内涵的分水岭。因为每一次大规模战争的爆发，表面上是国家之间的冲突，但背后蕴含的却是社会矛盾的急剧与爆发不是战争单方面导致社会思潮演变。社会矛盾及社会思潮的演变也成为了战争爆发的内在动力两者互相影响一体两面现代艺术的第一个阶段是从一八七一年普法战争结束到一九一八年一战结束。这个时期以塞尚，梵高，高更三位大师为首，现代艺术开始萌芽，立体主义，表现主义达到高峰。一战的爆发促... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。总体上，象征主义和原始主义的追求是当时的艺术家对学院艺术不满的表现。对于什么是艺术应该有的样子，他们的答案是逃离现代的文明社会，把眼光投射到原始文明中去。但很显然，这样的做法并非对传统艺术的彻底否认。如果要推翻传统艺术，就要破坏传统的审美体系，破坏传统艺术的话语权分配，破坏一切。这种激进并且彻底的追求就是达达主义的主张。达达主义出现于一九一五年的纽约，正式诞生呢？那是在一九一六年瑞士苏黎世的伏尔泰酒馆当中，德国画家，诗人雨果巴尔还为此发表了达达主义宣言。伏尔泰酒馆的建立便是... more
欢迎继续收听对立之美。上一章的节目当中，我们着重讲的是，塞尚和梵高分别启发了立体主义和表现主义。由此，一战之前的现代艺术能够离分出探究型和表达型这两条在艺术追求上互为对立的脉络。但是，不管探究型也好，表达型也罢，本质上，他们在时间的指向性上都是直指未来的艺术。与之相对的是受高更启发的象征主义和原始主义。在时间指向性上，它们指向远古。这里的远古并非是指古典，而是遥远，如古埃及原始的土著文明，否则就成了新古典主义或者是拉斐尔前派的追求了。高更的画作有强烈符号感和原始化倾向。后期的高更甚至生活在太平洋... more
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