科学巨著《大设计》（霍金）
给小白白的有声书人类从蒙昧走向文明是一部伟大的史诗：牛顿的经典力学、法拉第和麦克斯韦的电磁学、爱因斯坦的相对论、量子论、弱电理论、色动力学、大爆炸模型、无边界设想、超引力、超弦，直至迄今终极理论的唯一候选者：M理论。M理论中的时空是十一维的，当其中七维蜷缩成内空间后，留下各种四维时空及其表观定律。 M理论可以在无边界宇宙的框架中预言众多不同的宇宙及其表观定律，但只有极少数适合我们的存在。观察者作为某种意义上的万物之灵参与创造不仅将来的而且过去的历史。正是因为这样，由我们的存在条件导出的结论和从表观定律导出的相一致。 宇宙中的凝聚物的能量被引力势能平衡，所以宇宙的总能量为零，由此万物不能无中生有，而宇宙却能。如果M理论最后被接受为终极理论，那我们就寻找到了大设计。
| Publishes | Daily | Episodes | 16 | Founded | 2 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  ZH-CN | Categories | Natural SciencesScience | ||
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m 理论是爱因斯坦所希望找到的统一理论。我们人类已经能够这么接近理解制约我们和我们宇宙的定律，这一事实就是一项伟大的胜利。但也许真正的奇迹在于，逻辑的抽象思考导致一个唯一的理论，它预言和描述了我们所看到的充满令人惊异的千姿百态的浩淼宇宙。如果该理论被观测所证实，它就将是⻓达三千年以上智力探索的成功终结。我们就将找到大设计。
自从牛顿，特别是爱因斯坦以来，物理学的目标已是去发现开普勒摹想的那种简单的数学原则，并利用它创造一个万物的统一理论，该理论会解释我们在自然中观察的物质和力的所有细节。在十九世纪末和二十世纪初⻨克斯⻙和爱因斯坦统一了电磁和光的 理论。1970 年代标准模型被创造出来，这是一个强和弱核力以及电磁力的单独理论。后来弦理论和 m 理论出现，试图去包括余下的力，即引力。其目标不仅是找到能解释所有力的单独理论，而且能解释我们一直谈论的诸如力的强度和基本粒子的质量和荷的基本的数。正如爱因斯坦所说，希望在于能够... more
具有氢、氦和一点锂的太初宇宙如何演化成一个庇护至少一个拥有象我们这样的智慧生命的世界的故事可写成⻓篇巨作。重元素尤其是碳在恒星里形成，这样力首先必须允许恒星和星系形成。早期宇宙除了令人感恩地包含大约十万分之一的密度变化几乎是完全均匀的。恒星有些会最终爆炸，此外还要精准地以一种能把重元素分配到太空去的方式爆炸，那些残余能凝聚成新一代恒星，而合并新形成的重元素的行星环绕着这些恒星。这类发展是由自然基本的力的平衡所制约，正是那些交互作用的力必须恰好使我们得以存在。
如果人们从底向上建立宇宙的历史，就没有理由让宇宙应终止于对应于我们实际观测到的粒子相互作用，即 (基本粒子相互作用) 标准模型的内空间。但在从顶到底的方法中，我们接受具有所有可能内空间的宇宙存在。在一些宇宙中电子具有高尔夫球的重量，以及引力比磁力更强。标准模型以及其所有参数适用于我们的宇宙。人们可以计算在无边界条件上导致标准模型的内空间的概率幅度。
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Apple Podcasts | #74 | China/Science/Natural Sciences |
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Apple Podcasts | #227 |  Japan/Science/Natural Sciences |
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