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Artwork for 二战启示录 | 黑暗的年代

二战启示录 | 黑暗的年代

暮鼓仙声

1919年6月签订于法国凡尔赛宫的《凡尔赛和约》标志了“一战”的结束,然而,这份和约中仍然充斥着各种各样的幻觉。正如一位法国人所言,《凡尔赛和约》过于宽容。1919年的形势是人为造成的。德国和苏俄被排除在了讨论之外,英法两国似乎在制订欧洲的规则。在美国的支持下,他们在东欧和中东建立了一系列国家。波兰得到了重建,占据了原本是俄罗斯帝国西部领土的广大地区,那时波兰人只占这个国家总人口的2/3,另外还有300万犹太人,占波兰人口总数的10%。捷克斯洛伐克和南斯拉夫是多民族国家,占据主导地位的民族是受法国支持的捷克人和塞尔维亚人。罗马尼亚的疆域也得到了扩展,但其民族构成并没有发生像波兰一样的变化。在原来的奥斯曼土耳其帝国的领土上出现了一系列新的国家。 more

PublishesDailyEpisodes72Founded2 years ago
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Artwork for 二战启示录 | 黑暗的年代

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在当时,41%的红军基地集中于接近边界不到200公里的地方,依据红军的指令,燃料、装备、火车等等也大量被囤积在那里。然而,由于红军在战术理论上进行的草率更动,这些部队的战力被大为减弱。原本苏联在1938年开始采用的战术是:以标准的线状防守战线 紧连其他国家,步兵部队会在防线上 堀壕架构坚强的防御工事,而坦克则会配合步兵行动以提供支援。 more

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1941年,在德军的秘密调度下,苏德边界的苏联部队数量已经被德军所超越。不过在1941年6月,当时苏联军队的总人数高达5百万人,比德国调派参与巴巴罗萨作战的地面部队总人数还多。除此之外,苏联大规模的军事动员使得红军的人数一直稳定增加,使苏联能够投入比德国更多的部队至前线。由于两方的兵力都变动不定,整体上来说,1941年的战役,两方的兵力是势均力敌的。 more

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最后,希特勒与高阶将领们取得的共识是:将入侵部队分为三个集团军群,各自攻占特定的地区和大城市,分为: more

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为了准备发起攻击,希特勒将3206000人调遣至德苏边界,多次派遣侦察飞机潜入苏联领空勘查,同时也在东线储备了大量的军事物资。到了1941年2月,德军已在罗马尼亚苏联边界部属了680,000人。即使进行了如此庞大的准备过程,苏联依然没有预料到德军的意图,在战争爆发时完全措手不及。这主要是因为斯大林坚信,第三帝国不可能在《莫洛托夫—里宾特洛甫条约》签订不到两年内便发起攻击。他也坚信德国会等到拿下英国后才会开辟新的战场。尽管苏联情报部门已经多次发出战争逼近的警告,斯大林依然拒绝改变心意,认为这是英国... more

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北边遭受包围的同盟国部队最后经由敦刻尔克撤离,英军被彻底逐出法国,但英国依靠着其海军和空军的优势而免受侵占。在无法逼使英国投降、同时也缺乏海军和战略轰炸部队的情况下,希特勒遂决定将目标转往东方。他相信只要苏联被击垮了,英国也不可能再支撑下去。希特勒对他在西欧的惊人胜利感到自负,同时,红军在1939至1940年间侵占芬兰未遂的冬季战争,也向全世界显现了当时红军内部的腐化和战力低落。希特勒认为苏联内部已经腐败,只要数个月便能取得胜利,也因此不需准备冬季的配备,这在后来成为德军受挫的主因之一。纳粹的整... more

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希特勒一直希望攻克苏联以剥削当地的斯拉夫人。因此他签订这项条约只是为了短暂的方便。再加上希特勒和斯大林两人都对攻克领土抱有极大野心,而双方的意识形态差距则导致最终的冲突爆发。斯大林在国际上的恶劣名誉给了纳粹德国进攻苏联的理由,同时也增加了德国对于胜利的信心。 more

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巴巴罗萨计划是纳粹德国在第二次世界大战中发起侵苏行动的代号。发生于1941年6月22日至1942年1月苏联及东欧地区。该计划由时任德国陆军总参谋部第1军需部长保卢斯起草和指导,1940年8月底制定完毕。原名为“奥托计划”,后于1940年12月改为“巴巴罗萨”。 more

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