Clearing the Air 哲學十分鐘
Miaofen ChenThis is a bilingual philosophical podcast by Miaofen Chen and Brian Bruya. We discuss philosophy, self-cultivation, and many other things. 雙語哲學廣播，在輕鬆的十分鐘時間，二位大學教授Miaofen Chen和Brian Bruya用英文及中文交談，討論各種哲學問題、法蘭克林的人生十二種德性、斯多亞哲學、亞里斯多德、文化哲學、美學、教育等。
| Publishes | Weekly | Episodes | 37 | Founded | 4 years ago |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language |  Korean | Categories | Society & CulturePhilosophy | ||
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Latest Episodes
今天是世界哲學日，Brian和Miaofen在美國和台灣，嘗試遠距錄製最新一集，就以UNESCO今年設計的主題「未來的人」，談談人工智慧和藝術，以及自然人為何有無可取代的「人格」(personality)和「原創性」(originality)呢？
延續上一集討論「法律推理」，這集要引介「價值法學」，這是繼二戰之後自然法復興，以及在法實證主義及自然法論二大傳統的論辯基礎上，發展出來的，它是當今最重要及影響最廣的法理學研究方向，在歐陸及英美法學發展出許多不同的支派，也帶動實務上更重視「法律推理」的方法。所以要注意的是，「價值法學」這個用詞，不是指特定單一的學派，它主要指稱：將法哲學的「價值推理」融入法學方法論的運動，各方法因價值哲學不同而有差異。方法是多樣的，目標卻是一致：如何面對惡法及實現法治？如何做出「正確及妥適的」（「合目的性」）判斷？... more
每一個案的法律推理(legal reasoning)，均要求一個做出判斷的人（例如執法者、法官），要提出合理及正確的論證（論述理由、並且加以證明），簡言之，就是要舉出足以支持判斷的「理由」(reason)。遇到艱難個案（這種情況愈來愈多，例如權利衝突、價值多元、道德衝突及兩難），此時出現各個不同意見，他們的理由從哪裡來？取自制定法的文義解釋、歷史解釋、體系解釋、或目的解釋？由於涉及價值，僅靠一般法律解釋不足以形成完備的「理由」（理由缺陷），如我們在大法官釋字第803號所看到的情況，可知法律推理的... more
當個案遇到法律漏洞，也就是無規則可直接適用時，如何進行法律規範目的（法律價值）的推理？首先，認識法律規則及法律原則，注意兩者的區分和關係，才能運用法律原則去尋找適用個案的規則。但由於「法律原則」是價值原則，如何認識和運用「法律原則」？對此看法不一。以往神學的自然法論（又稱「排斥的非法實證主義」（exclusive legal non-positivism)在二戰之後已少有支持者，在法實證主義及自然法復興的交互影響下，現今主要有四種不同的法律概念（法體系觀），對應四種論理方法，我們看到法理學有「包... more
根據「純粹法學」建立的法體系知識論，當上層規範未預見特殊或新的事例，即出現實證法的「未決性」（indeterminancy)，此時個案處於「無既定規則」適用的情況，也就是出現真正的「法律漏洞」，為了填補漏洞就需要「法律補充」（法律續造）的方法。法理學的各學派，分別支持方法一元論、方法二元論、或方法三元論，他們提出思考，各自發展出解決法律補充所需的「價值推理」。
法實證主義，自十九世紀各地歷史法學、分析法實證主義、現實主義法學、利益法學、社會學法學等一連串發展，到二十世紀初形成偏重經驗、而忽略嚴謹科學方法的理論。1934年凱爾森（Hans Kelsen)創立「純粹法學」，提出創新的議題，他所提出的法律解釋框架理論，改變了傳統法學思維，成為迄今最具影響力、並且爭議最多的一支理論。
十九世紀初，興起「法實證主義」，第一支先鋒就是「歷史法學」，各地都有重要代表，他們除了傾向浪漫主義、反啟蒙革命（態度較保守）、反對理性自然法學説，更提出對實證法的科學研究，最大貢獻是建立「法學方法論」，今天許多流傳的方法都來自歷史法學，因此影響極廣，也留下仍被探討不休的問題。
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Apple Podcasts | #230 |  Taiwan/Society & Culture/Philosophy |
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